Having consulted with producers from the short film industry, we have been advised that the conventional film poster is replaced with more direct marketing in the form of a postcard. Miss Becky Knapp has given us examples which we have analysed. However, we have still done research and analysis into film posters, in order to cover all aspects of this marketing sector.
Introduction to film posters-
Film posters are used to advertise a film. A conventional film poster will be made up of a key image that reinforces a central theme of the film for the audience that will give the first impression of the film. This may show the main character or will show something that will be associated with the main aspect of the film. There may also be a date of the release of the film and the names of the actors that are going to create the star attraction and will bring a buzz to the film. There can also be a tagline that can give the audience perceptions of the main concept behind the film, will make them think of what they might expect in the film and will include enigmas to hook the audience. The Dark Knight had a tagline of ‘Welcome To A World Without Rules.’ This creates a sense of danger and excitement for the audience who will expect an action genre film that will keep them entertained for the full duration.Film posters are displayed in many places to reach as many people as possible. The cinema used to be the main stage for these posters, however they can also be seen in places like: Magazines, newspapers, bus stops, the side of buses, shop windows and obviously on the internet. Using the internet as a place for advertising will bring many benefits including millions of people that will see it. A strategy like a viral marketing campaign can be launched so that it becomes the thing to talk about especially on social networking sites. However this publicity can cause problems for the filmmakers as, if people believe it is going to be bad and this spreads, the viewing at the cinemas is likely to decrease along with the reputation of the film.

Teaser posters are used as early promotion and do not contain much information to keep some secrecy within the film. Their main purpose is to create interest and hype for the film which is hoped to create a bigger interest when the full marketing campaign is released.
In order to create my own poster, I need to analyse existing texts. Therefore I choose and analysed two posters that were for British films that had some similarities to our short film. I did try to find a short film poster with similarities, however I was unsuccessful with my findings.
Resources-
http://dept.kent.edu/theatre/porthouse/interface_img/facebook-logo.jpg
Film Poster analysis-


These two film posters are both from British films that are recognised in Britain and have some aspects that exploit themes similar to my film. The first look at these posters shows what many people want to see, with the important characters on the front and some mise en scene that will convey to the audience what the themes of the film may be and what they can expect from the film. For example, the Kidulthood poster shows teens that are obviously from an urban area, and one of them is holding a bat which conveys to the audience that there will be violence in the film. Also there are girls in the poster which could mean there will be relationships and maybe problems. The dark clouds in the background connote that there will be trouble and by the look of the teens, this may involve tragedy such as death.
The two posters do share similarities, such as there being all of the main characters on it. This was probably done because there is no single character that is well recognised to most of the public and so they cannot use a ‘star’ to attract the audience to go and see it. Another similarity is that the image on the poster is not in the film and this is different to many other films such as the Dark Knight. Doing this will not give anything away to the audience, but just captures the image of the characters and the mise en scene which is strong enough for films like these. For my postcard, I have created an image that is a shot in the film, but there are some minor differences and I believe that this one still shot captures the essence of the film, without showing all of the main characters in the film. Therefore my postcard in those aspects goes against the ways the fillmaker used for the two films above, however as our film is a short film, there is going to be differences.
The titles on the posters are bold and stand out from the rest of the background, especially in Kidulthood. The black scene and the dark clouds contrast the bright white of the big letters spelling out KIDULTHOOD. The poster for This Is England has a title that is in the UK country colours of red, blue and white. This along with the title brings together thoughts to the audience which make them think and know that the film will be based on themes in Britain at a particular period. Both of these posters also have reviews on them that are there to make the film seem even more tempting to go and see as they want as many people to go and pay in the cinema as possible. This Is England though has also presented some awards they have received for the film, which is also going to make the audience think that if critics think the film is worthy of an award; then the film is worth going to pay to see. Adding such items may have an effect on the amount revenue the film will make, but it is not a huge aspect of the film poster and adding things such as these may not cause any benefit at all. The title on my postcard will be edited onto the TV in the living room, so that it creates the effect as it was on the TV, and Lily is looking up and down from her notebook to the TV. It was also designed this way so that the title would not interfere with anything else that may be in the shot.
The two film posters do have some differences from other conventional posters in some ways, such as there being no release date. This may have been because the producers thought this was a waste of space on the posters, as they both have a niche audience appeal and so it would not have the same effect as if the film was a blockbuster where a vast amount of people want to go and see it. This could also be the reason of why there is no tagline that captures the film in one short snappy sentence. Also for these types of films, the audience appeal is limited to an extent and unless they are going to be distributed in the USA, such as This Is England was; the amount of viewers is likely to be small compared to many other films. Therefore the main emphasis for the film poster will be the image that represents the film and the title which can in some ways make the film seem interesting and worth researching into, which is what most film producers want.
These two film posters although intended for a much larger audience than my film has influenced the ways I have thought about the poster I am going to make. The image for the film is essential and gets the audience to think about the main themes and ideas that is going to be portrayed in the real production form. This for my film will be important as it is a short film with a niche audience who will want to see what the film is showing in terms of the themes. The mise en scene in the image is especially important to capture the characters profile’s so that people know why they are there and what impact they will have on the story. Finally, the title must be printed in a way so that it also has meaning and is maybe contrasting the other images that are in the shot, which is the case in Kidultood.
Resources-
http://caffeine-headache.net/blog3/this_is_england.jpg
http://uk.movieposter.com/posters/archive/main/36/MPW-18363Film Postcard analysis-

The postcards that are shown in these photos are from short films that have been produced, and follow some conventions that are typical for postcards. The layouts of these seem to be mostly universal, and they are very similar, but do have some differences. The front of the postcards all have an image which is trying to capture the film in one shot, or is one significant event in the film. This is what mostly every postcard and poster is like, because this image must be key in order to stay in the mind of the viewer. This is the most significant conventional aspect of a film postcard as it is what the main proportion of the postcard is trying to show. However, there are differences in the front of these postcards, such as Divine has the still image, and then the name of the film; whereas although On a Life’s Edge has this, it also a stamp on it and other small pictures from the film. The other postcard that is shown does not even have a name on the front of the postcard. Therefore from seeing the front of these postcards, it is clear that there is a typical convention for most of the space on the front to be filled up with the image that represents the film, but some postcards differ to others where the name of the film may not appear on the front and a stamp may be put onto the front as well as the back.

The backs of these postcards also have some characteristics which seem to be common on most postcards, while others can be seen to be regular on some, but not others. One thing that is on every back of a postcard is the name of the film, which again just shows what the film is called. The font for the title is very important as it will give an impression to the viewer of what kind of style the film is. For My Brother Leon, I will want a font that looks to be hand written, as this coincides with the image of Lily drawing hangman.
Another thing that is also conventional is to have the synopsis of the film on the back, as this will tell the reader what the film is about and therefore, will create interest. However a synopsis is not seen on all postcards, as for example, Divine does not have one. One very conventional feature of postcards is that they have information about the film; which can include: the producer, the cast, the director, the production company and maybe other information such as the cinematography and the production design. This information will give general information that is purposely put there to show off any members of the cast that may be well known, or to try to create an interest in researching some people, that would lead back to the film or others they may have produced. Finally, there is always a space for a stamp on the back, because this is the typical ideology that is thought of by people, when they think of a postcard. This stamp may be designed by the creator, or may just be left blank.

The back of postcards can show as much or as little information about the film as possible, and the amount of information given will depend on many factors, such as the regional area where these will be given out, and the industry status of the producers and director. The front face of postcards usually follow a certain pattern, where there is a main image to represent the film, and the title is shown. However as seen above, there may be additional information added to give to the reader for many purposes. All three of the film postcards that have been given as examples above have similarities and differences, but there are some aspects of film postcards that are conventional and are used universally. Analysing these postcards has given me an understanding of the codes and conventions that they follow, and other information that can be provided to the audience. This has therefore helped my understanding of how to create my postcard and what should, and can, be included to make viewers interested. Consequently, when producing my postcard for My Brother Leon, I will have direction and co-ordination of what to use, in order to produce a postcard that is creative and has high aesthetical value.

Resources-
Film postcard provided by Ms Becky Knapp
Film postcard designs-Summary-
I thought that one of these six still images that i have drawn could be used for my postcard because I drew ones which I thought represented or captured the film best in one still shot. I also think that these that I have drawn do contain some conventional characteristcis that are seen in posters/postcards. The one that I will chose will be taken during filming, and then edited to put items on such as the name of the film.
Front part of postcard- final, finished design-

Summary-
This is the final design and finished front part of the postcard that I have produced. It is different to my designs and especially the one it is based on because I have made a change of that the title of the film is now placed in the middle of the screen, instead of on the TV. This was done because when it came to the producing of the postcard, I had produced it with it being on the TV as first planned, but after some consideration, I decided to put it onto the middle of the screen because it stood out more and also I could keep the imagery of the TV as well. Also, I changed the font style of the title as at first I was going to use a font that looked more automated, but I realised that it would look better if it looked as though it had been hand written. Also, I added lines on under each letter, because this would give it a look as though it was involved with hangman, which is one of the crucial scenes in the film. Therefore I changed the font, where the font is placed and added lines under each of the font letters. This in my view, is a more creative postcard that is of higher aesthetical value, compared to my earlier designs.
Back part of postcard- final, finished design-
Summary-
This back part of the postcard stemmed from the design of the front, and I will justify why I have chosen to do certain things. Firstly, I designed the front part of the postcard on PhotoShop, where I chose a certain font for the title, however I did the back of the postcard on Publisher, which did not have this font and so I could not use the same font for both titles; but I tried to find one that was closest to the font used before. The colour choice for the back of the postcard was decided because in the front of the postcard, there is a lot of brown colouring in the image from certain props, and so I thought it would be appropriate to contiunue some of the colouring onto the back so it did not look out of place. The white going through the middle is meant to represent the cleanness in most of the family in the film, which includes the mum and Lily, while the darker colours on the edges are meant to represent the darkness that is in the family, in terms of Leon. Therefore this is why I chose to use these colours and the pattern.
I added a space for a stamp, as this is a conventional item for postcards to have, and it is a typical ideology that is recognised by people around the world. The font for the rest of the writing is Comic Sans and I chose this because I thought it went well with the colours used and was not a harsh font, like others are. I put text boxes around all of the information, apart from the synopsis as I thought this would make it stand out and would be one of the first things that the viewer would see. Therefore they would read this, and understand what the film is about, then would read the other information that is also from the making of the film. I chose to put the production company on, as people may recognise this if we were to produce more films in the future. Adding information such as the director and DoP are conventional to film postcards, and so I thought I would add this. The synopsis was something which I believed was necessary to go onto the postcard as this would give the audience an idea of what the film is about, which could create interest and could spread some word of mouth interest as well. Finally putting on who starred in the film and what the duration is, just adds more information to the postcard, and would be useful to any mainstream short film, if there was a part of the acting crew that was well known.
My postcard for My Brother Leon would be used to market the film, and I believe that both the back and the front combine to produce a postcard that is good to look at and has creative aspects running through it as well. Therefore if the film were to be marketed to the public, then I believe the postcard would be a good tool in creating a hype and an interest.